Understanding Gum Disease and How to Prevent It

Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is one of the most common oral health issues affecting adults. It’s caused by the build-up of plaque — a sticky film made up of bacteria and sugars. When plaque is not effectively removed during your daily dental routine, it can irritate the gums, causing inflammation and infection.

If left untreated, gum disease can lead to gum recession, bone loss, and eventually tooth loss. It is also linked to other serious health issues such as heart disease and diabetes. The good news is that with the right care, gum disease can be prevented and, in its early stages, even reversed.

Risk Factors for Gum Disease

While anyone can develop gum disease, certain factors can increase your risk:

• Smoking and substance abuse

• Hormonal changes (e.g. puberty, pregnancy, menopause)

• Diabetes or a poor diet

• HIV and other chronic illnesses

• Advanced age

• Long-term stress

If you fall into any of these categories, it’s especially important to maintain regular dental check-ups and excellent oral hygiene habits.

The Stages of Gum Disease

Gum disease progresses in stages, and early detection is key to preventing more serious damage.

Gingivitis
This is the earliest stage and is caused by plaque build-up around the gum line. It may present with little to no symptoms but can include red, swollen, or bleeding gums. Gingivitis is fully reversible with good oral hygiene and professional cleanings.

Periodontitis
If gingivitis is left untreated, it can develop into periodontitis. In this stage, the gums begin to pull away from the teeth, forming pockets where bacteria thrive. Infection can damage the supporting bone, leading to tooth mobility.

Advanced Periodontitis
At this point, significant bone and tissue loss has occurred. Teeth may become very loose, sensitivity increases, and swelling or pus may be present. Treatment becomes more complex and may involve surgical intervention.

Do You Have Gum Disease?

Gum disease often develops silently, but these signs may indicate a problem:

• Swollen, tender, or red gums

• Bleeding during brushing or flossing

• Receding gum line

• Persistent bad breath

• Pus around the gums or teeth

• Changes in your bite or loose teeth

If you notice any of these symptoms, book an appointment with your dentist or hygienist for an evaluation. Early diagnosis can make all the difference.

Treating Gum Disease

Treatment depends on the stage of gum disease and your overall oral health.

• Early-stage gum disease is often reversible with improved brushing, flossing, and professional hygiene visits.

• Hardened plaque (tartar), especially below the gum line, can only be removed by a dental professional.

• Advanced cases may require more intensive treatment, including root planing, periodontal therapy, or surgery to repair damage or regenerate lost bone.

We recommend a periodontal assessment at least once a year to track gum health and catch any issues early.

Preventing Gum Disease

Preventing gum disease starts with a good daily oral care routine:

• Brush twice a day for two minutes with fluoride toothpaste

• Clean between your teeth once daily using floss, interdental brushes, or a water flosser

• Use an antiseptic mouth rinse twice daily

• Eat a balanced diet to support your immune system

• Quit smoking and avoid tobacco products

• Attend regular dental and hygiene appointments

Take Control of Your Gum Health

While gum disease can sound concerning, it is largely preventable with the right care and habits. Now that you understand the causes, symptoms, and treatment options, you’re in a great position to protect your gums and overall health.

If you’re concerned about your gum health, or it’s been a while since your last dental check-up, contact us today to schedule an appointment. Early prevention is the key to a healthier smile for life.